Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common disorder of the reproductive tract that is frequently misdiagnosed and inadequately treated. PID and its complications, such as infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain, are preventable by screening. Pelvic inflammatory disease symptoms. PID doesn’t always show symptoms early on, or they can be so mild that a woman doesn’t notice them. But as it gets more serious, PID can cause: Lower abdominal pain. Fever or chills. Continue Reading Below. More About Fertility Issues.

Doctor's Notes on Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of a woman's reproductive organs including the uterus, Fallopian tubes, ovaries, and surrounding structures. Some types of PID include cervicitis (inflammation of the cervix), salpingitis (inflammation of the Fallopian tubes), endometritis (inflammation present in the lining tissues of the uterus), and peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum, the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the abdominal organs). Pelvic inflammatory disease is commonly caused by bacteria transmitted through sexual contact and other bodily secretions.

Symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease may be worse toward the end of a menstrual period and for the first few days following a period and may include abdominal pain (especially lower abdominal pain) or tenderness, back pain, abnormal uterine bleeding, unusual or heavy vaginal discharge, painful urination, or painful sexual intercourse. Other symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease include fever, nausea, and vomiting.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Symptoms

If a woman has PID, she may have any of these symptoms:

• Abdominal pain (especially lower abdominal pain) or tenderness
• Abnormal uterine bleeding
• Unusual or heavy vaginal discharge
• Painful sexual intercourse

Symptoms not related to the female reproductive organs include fever, nausea, and vomiting.

PID symptoms may be worse at the end of a menstrual period and during the first several days following a period.

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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Causes

Pelvic inflammatory disease is most frequently caused by bacteria that are transmitted through sexual contact and other bodily secretions. Bacteria that cause gonorrhea and chlamydia cause more than half of cases. Many studies suggest that a number of patients with PID and other sexually transmitted diseases are often infected with two or more infectious agents, and commonly these are Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Other organisms can also cause PID but are much less common.

It's not necessary to have sexual intercourse to get a sexually-transmitted disease (STD). The human papillomavirus (HPV) that causes genital warts can be transmitted by close skin-to-skin contact. Some types of HPVs cause cervical or anal cancer, and vaccines are available to protect against the most dangerous types. Other HPV types cause genital warts, which can be raised, flat, or cauliflower-shaped. HPV infection can occur in people who have no symptoms or visible warts.

HPV Symptoms

• Genital warts can be big or small, flat or raised. They generally appear as a small bump or group of bumps in the genital region, and may be shaped like a cauliflower.

HPV Vaccine

• A vaccine to prevent HPV is given in three shots. The second shot is given a month or two after the first shot. The third shot comes six months after the first shot.
• The Centers for Disease Control recommends boys and girls be vaccinated at ages 11 or 12.
• If they did not get the HPV vaccine as children, women can get the HPV vaccine through age 26. Men can get it through age 21. The CDC recommends HPV vaccination for men through age 26 for men who have sex with men or men with compromised immune systems, including HIV.

STD : Symptoms, Testing & List Quiz

Condoms are the best protection from sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

REFERENCE:
Kasper, D.L., et al., eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19th Ed. United States: McGraw-Hill Education, 2015.

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Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), an infection of the female upper genital tract, is a serious complication of some. It occurs most often in and females. Pelvic inflammatory disease can affect the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes.Sexually transmitted organisms, especially those responsible for gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) and chlamydial infections (Chlamydia trachomatis), are thought to be the cause of most cases of PID, although other organisms are associated with some cases. The germs from these infections travel from the vagina and cervix into the upper genital tract. Signs and SymptomsIn some cases, no signs or symptoms are present, but the infection can still harm the reproductive system. In most cases, however, PID causes persistent lower abdominal or pelvic pain and tenderness, with an intensity that can range from mild to severe. These symptoms often begin about a week after the onset of a period.Additional symptoms may include:.

An abnormal vaginal discharge. Irregular menstrual bleeding. Right upper abdomen pain (uncommon)When To Call Your PediatricianIf your daughter complains of symptoms associated with PID, she should be seen by her pediatrician immediately, even if she denies sexual activity. How Is the Diagnosis Made?Pelvic inflammatory disease is not easy to diagnose. There is no single sign, symptom, or laboratory test that provides a definitive diagnosis of PID. Your doctor will make the diagnosis based on a physical examination and laboratory evaluations of cervical secretions.

Sometimes the pediatrician may use an ultrasound or an examination of the abdominal and pelvic organs using a tiny flexible tube called a laparoscope. These methods can help distinguish PID from conditions with similar symptoms, such as, a ruptured ovarian cyst, or ectopic (tubal) pregnancies.Teenaged girls with PID should be tested for and as well as,. TreatmentOral antibiotic treatment, typically with more than one medicine, is prescribed for most cases of PID. Patients should be rechecked within a few days to make sure the treatment is working.On occasion, especially when symptoms are severe or antibiotics need to be given intravenously rather than as pills, the patient must be hospitalized. Sexual partners within the previous 60 days of any girl with PID should be tested for chlamydial infection and gonorrhea, even if they have no symptoms. What Is the Prognosis?Antibiotic treatment successfully resolves most PID infections. As part of this treatment, the patient with PID should refrain from having sex until she and her sexual partner(s) have completed the course of the prescribed medications.Complications may develop even if PID is treated.

Some teenaged girls and adult women experience recurrent infections and chronic pelvic pain. Females with PID have an increased risk (6 times more likely) of an ectopic or tubal pregnancy, as well as a higher risk of infertility because of scarring of the fallopian tubes. PreventionTeenagers should be instructed on how to practice to avoid STIs. Teenaged girls and young women can also lower their chances of developing PID by not using douches. Some research suggests that douching spreads bacteria into the upper genital tract. Last Updated Source Adapted from Immunizations and Infectious Diseases: An Informed Parents Guide (Copyright © 2006 American Academy of Pediatrics) and updated 2011.